Mat thinh luc do tieng on la mot trong nhung chan thuong nghe nghiep pho bien nhat va hoan toan co the phong ngua. Theo CDC, khoang 22 trieu nguoi lao dong bi phoi nhiem voi muc tieng on nguy hiem moi nam. Mot khi mat thinh luc, khong the lay lai. Do la ly do OSHA va NIOSH da thiet lap gioi han phoi nhiem tieng on ma moi nguoi su dung lao dong phai biet va tuan thu.
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Tieu chuan tieng on OSHA (29 CFR 1910.95)
OSHA dat gioi han phoi nhiem tieng on co hieu luc phap ly. Gioi han Phoi nhiem Cho phep (PEL) la 90 dBA trung binh gia quyen thoi gian 8 gio (TWA). Muc Hanh dong la 85 dBA kich hoat cac yeu cau bat buoc nhu chuong trinh bao ton thinh luc. OSHA su dung ty le trao doi 5 dB: cu tang 5 dB tren 90 dBA, thoi gian cho phep giam mot nua.
| Muc am thanh (dBA) | Thoi gian toi da (OSHA) |
|---|---|
| 85 | 16 gio (Muc Hanh dong) |
| 90 | 8 gio |
| 95 | 4 gio |
| 100 | 2 gio |
| 105 | 1 gio |
| 110 | 30 phut |
| 115 | 15 phut |
Gioi han Phoi nhiem Khuyen nghi NIOSH (REL)
NIOSH khuyen nghi REL 85 dBA cho TWA 8 gio voi ty le trao doi 3 dB nghiem ngat hon OSHA. O 100 dBA, OSHA cho phep 2 gio trong khi NIOSH chi cho phep 15 phut.
| Muc am thanh (dBA) | Thoi gian toi da (NIOSH) |
|---|---|
| 85 | 8 gio |
| 88 | 4 gio |
| 91 | 2 gio |
| 94 | 1 gio |
| 97 | 30 phut |
| 100 | 15 phut |
OSHA va NIOSH: Khac biet chinh
| Thong so | OSHA PEL | NIOSH REL |
|---|---|---|
| Gioi han phoi nhiem | 90 dBA (8-hr TWA) | 85 dBA (8-hr TWA) |
| Ty le trao doi | 5 dB | 3 dB |
| Tinh trang phap ly | Rang buoc phap ly | Chi la khuyen nghi |
| Phoi nhiem toi da o 100 dBA | 2 gio | 15 phut |
It nhat, ban phai tuan thu PEL cua OSHA. Tuy nhien, nham den REL cua NIOSH mang lai bao ve tot hon va la thuc hanh tot nhat cua nganh.
Khi nao can Chuong trinh Bao ton Thinh luc?
OSHA yeu cau Chuong trinh Bao ton Thinh luc (HCP) khi phoi nhiem tieng on dat hoac vuot 85 dBA TWA 8 gio. Cac thanh phan bat buoc: giam sat tieng on, do thinh luc co so va hang nam, bao ve thinh luc mien phi, dao tao hang nam, luu giu ho so.
Cach do muc tieng on noi lam viec
Phuong phap 1: Khao sat khu vuc voi may do am thanh
Di quanh co so va do muc tieng on tai moi tram lam viec. Su dung trong so A (dBA). Cho khao sat so bo, NoiseLedger cung cap do trong thoi gian thuc voi trong so FAST va SLOW, gia tri MIN, LEQ, MAX, pho FFT va ghi phien lam viec voi tieu de, the, ghi chu va dau moc.
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Phuong phap 2: Do lieu tieng on ca nhan
May do lieu ca nhan tinh lieu tieng on tich luy trong ca lam viec. Can thiet khi nguoi lao dong di chuyen giua cac khu vuc co muc tieng on khac nhau.
Phuong phap 3: Khao sat ky thuat
Phan tich nguyen nhan goc cua tieng on qua muc va danh gia cac bien phap nhu bao che, rao chan va cach ly rung dong.
Co the su dung ung dung dien thoai de giam sat tieng on?
Nghien cuu cua NIOSH cho thay mot so ung dung iOS do voi do chinh xac ±2 dBA so voi may do muc am thanh tham chieu Loai 1. Ung dung ly tuong cho danh gia so bo va kiem tra thuong xuyen. Khong thay the thiet bi chung nhan ANSI cho tai lieu tuan thu chinh thuc. NoiseLedger cung cap hieu chinh voi trong so A va Z, hoat dong ngoai tuyen, khong thu thap du lieu va hoan toan mien phi.
Bang tham khao nhanh
| Nguon tieng on | Muc dien hinh (dBA) | Toi da OSHA | Toi da NIOSH |
|---|---|---|---|
| Van phong yen tinh | 50–55 | Khong gioi han | Khong gioi han |
| Xe nang | 80–90 | 8 gio (o 90) | 2,5 gio (o 90) |
| Cua ban | 93–100 | 4 gio (o 95) | 52 phut (o 94) |
| May xuc | 95–105 | 1 gio (o 105) | 7,5 phut (o 103) |
| May khoan da | 100–115 | 15 phut (o 115) | Duoi 2 phut (o 109) |
Nguon tieng on pho bien noi lam viec
Van phong: 50–65 dBA. Hiem khi dat Muc Hanh dong. Nha may: 80–100 dBA. May CNC, may ep va dung cu khi nen can chuong trinh bao ton thinh luc. Cong truong: 85–110 dBA. Cua, may khoan va may moc nang thuong xuyen vuot 100 dBA. Su kien: 100–120 dBA. Ky thuat vien am thanh va nhan vien bao ve doi mat voi rui ro dang ke.
Cac buoc dat tuan thu tieng on
- Khao sat co so: do tat ca cac khu vuc trong hoat dong binh thuong.
- Xac dinh vung rui ro: khu vuc 85 dBA tro len can chu y.
- Ap dung kiem soat: uu tien giai phap ky thuat truoc thiet bi bao ho ca nhan.
- Giam sat va tai lieu hoa: do luong hang quy va luu giu ho so co he thong.
- Dao tao nhan vien: dao tao tuong tac hang nam ve rui ro tieng on.
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Cau hoi thuong gap
Gioi han tieng on 8 gio cua OSHA la bao nhieu?
PEL cua OSHA la 90 dBA TWA 8 gio. Muc Hanh dong 85 dBA kich hoat cac yeu cau bat buoc cua chuong trinh bao ton thinh luc.
Tieng on noi lam viec nen do bao lau mot lan?
OSHA khong dat lich co dinh nhung phai do lai khi hoat dong hoac thiet bi thay doi. Thuc hanh tot nhat: khao sat chinh thuc hang nam voi kiem tra hang quy.
Nhan vien co the dung ung dung dien thoai khong?
Co, cho danh gia so bo. Nghien cuu NIOSH cho thay ung dung iOS da hieu chinh do voi do chinh xac ±2 dBA.
Cong thuc TWA la gi?
Voi ty le OSHA 5 dB: TWA = 16,61 × log10(D/100) + 90. Voi ty le NIOSH 3 dB: TWA = 10 × log10(D/100) + 85.